More Aqueous Geochemistry of Natural Waters – OXIDATION ：天然水的–氧化更多的水地球化学精品.pdf

Lectures 9-10 More Aqueous Geochemistry of Natural Waters – OXIDATION/REDUCTION (aka Redox) please read these bits in White For the first two lectures of the week • Ch3 (100-110), Ch13 digital (555-563) (note, there is no Ch 13 in the hardcopy text) for Friday • Ch12 (12.1-12.6) -or- White digital Ch14 (589-626) GG325 L9-10, F2013 “Master variables” in aquatic chemistry: Redox state is one of two fundamental chemical controls on the compositional make up of natural and non-natural waters. pH is the other. GG325 L9-10, F2013 1 1. Oxidation- Reduction: Review of oxidation state concept. Oxidation state is a measure of the charge on an atom in any chemical form. It is the atomic number minus the number or orbital electrons a chemical species contains. For monatomic species, it is equal to the ionic charge (e.g., Fe+3 - ox. state = +3, Cl ox. state = -1). GG325 L9-10, F2013 1. Oxidation- Reduction: Review of oxidation state concept. For atoms in molecules or compound ions... oxidation state is calculated using these 6 simple rules: a. the algebraic sum of the oxidation states of individual atoms in a compound equals the charge on that compound (e.g., for SO42- : ox state O= -2, ox state S= +6) b. any atom bonded only to itself (i.e., in a pure covalent bond) is given an oxidation state of 0 (e.g., N, O and H in O , N and H , respectively). 2 2 2 c. the oxidation state of O is -2 in all compounds except peroxides (H O , Na O ) 2 2 2 2