语言学期末复习资料一.pptVIP

Linguistics The Goals for this Course To get a scientific view on language; To understand some basic theories on linguistics; To understand the applications of the linguistic theories, especially in the fields of language teaching learning (SLA or TEFL), cross-cultural communication……; To prepare for the future research work. The Requirements for this course Class attendance Classroom discussion Fulfillment of the assignment Examination Reference Books 戴炜栋，何兆熊，(2002)，《新编简明英语语言学教程》，上海外语教育出版社。 胡壮麟，(2001)，《语言学教程》，北京大学出版社。 刘润清，(1995)，《西方语言学流派》，外语教学与研究出版社。 Fromkin,V. R. Rodman, (1998), An Introduction to Language the sixth edition, Orlando, Florida: Holt, Ranehart Winston, Inc. Chapter 1. Introduction Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist who occupies an important place in the history of linguistics. Saussure’s ideas on the arbitrary nature of sign, on the relational nature of linguistic units, on the distinction of Synchronic Diachronic and of Langue parole, etc. pushed linguistics in to a brand new stage. What is language? Language can mean what a person says (e.g. bad language, expressions) the way of speaking or writing (e.g. Shakespeare’s language, Luxun’s language) a particular variety or level of speech or writing (e.g. language for special purpose, colloquial language) the abstract system underlying the totality of the speech/writing behavior of a community (e.g. Chinese language, first language) the common features of all human languages (e.g. He studies language) a tool for human communication. (social function) a set of rules. (rule-governed) 1.1What is language? language is most essential to mankind . it is the possession of language that distinguishes humans from animals . language is far more complex than most people have imagined. 1.1.1 Definition of language (1) Language: a. the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way. b. the system of commu