probiotics, prebiotics and immunomodulation of gut mucosal defences homeostasis and immunopathology since文档.pdfVIP

Nutrients 2013, 5, 1869-1912; doi:10.3390/nu5061869 OPEN ACCESS nutrients ISSN 2072-6643 /journal/nutrients Review Probiotics, Prebiotics and Immunomodulation of Gut Mucosal Defences: Homeostasis and Immunopathology Holly Hardy, Jennifer Harris, Eleanor Lyon, Jane Beal and Andrew D. Foey * School of Biomedical Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; E-Mails: holly.hardy@plymouth.ac.uk (H.H.); jennifer.harris@plymouth.ac.uk (J.H.); eleanor.lyon@plymouth.ac.uk (E.L.); jane.beal@plymouth.ac.uk (J.B.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: andrew.foey@plymouth.ac.uk; Tel.: +44-1752-584623. Received: 5 March 2013; in revised form: 8 May 2013 / Accepted: 9 May 2013 / Published: 29 May 2013 Abstract: Probiotics are beneficial microbes that confer a realistic health benefit on the host, which in combination with prebiotics, (indigestible dietary fibre/carbohydrate), also confer a health benefit on the host via products resulting from anaerobic fermentation. There is a growing body of evidence documenting the immune-modulatory ability of probiotic bacteria, it is therefore reasonable to suggest that this is potentiated via a combination of prebiotics and probiotics as a symbiotic mix. The need for probiotic formulations has been appreciated for the health benefits in “topping up your good bacteria” or indeed in a