工商英语_02管理的范围.ppt

Dimensions typically measured are quality, time and cost. Improvements from learning mean doing things better, faster, and cheaper. Origin The term benchmarking was first used by cobblers to measure peoples feet for shoes. They would place someones foot on a bench and mark it out to make the pattern for the shoes. Benchmarking is most used to measure performance using a specific indicator (cost per unit of measure, productivity per unit of measure, cycle time of x per unit of measure or defects per unit of measure) resulting in a metric of performance that is then compared to others. Procedures Identify your problem areas Identify other industries that have similar processes Identify organizations that are leaders in these areas Survey companies for measures and practice Visit the best practice companies to identify leading edge practices Implement new and improved business practices Benchmarking ,restructuring and strategic alliance are called the three management methods in 1990s( by Western management scholars). Thank you ! Unit 2 The Scope of Management Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources. Because organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. This view opens the opportunity to manage oneself, a pre-requisite to attempting to manage others.  What is an organization? Organization is when you encounter difficulties, he said, could d