etcGlucosetolerance糖耐量Birthweight出生体重.ppt

*Odds ratio for two hour glucose concentration of 7.8 mmol/l adjusted for current body mass index. 出生体重（lb) 糖耐量异常 n/N（%） Adjusted * OR Crude OR Crude RR 低于 5.5 lb (2.5kg) 8/20 (40%) 6.6 ? ? 5.5-6.4 (2.9 kg) 16/47 (34%) 4.8 ? ? 6.5-7.4 (3.4 kg) 32/104 (31%) 4.6 ? ? 7.5-8.4 (3.9 kg) 26/117 (22%) 2.6 ? ? 8.5-9.4 (4.2 kg) 7/54 (13%) 1.4 ? ? 9.5+ lb (4.3 kg +) 4/28 (14%) 1.0 1.0 1.0 Answers to Questions （1） What is the study design 研究设计是？Retrospective cohort study 回顾性队列研究 Why OR? why not RR? Either good for reasoning, the latter is more accurate in defining the relative risk disparity. 为什么用比值比（OR）？而不是相对风险度 （RR？ 推理任一均可， RR在定义相对风险差距更准确。 Can we have crude OR and crude RR? Yes, in cohort studies or RCT, you can calculate RR. 我们可以计算粗OR （未调整比值比）, 粗RR （未调整相对风险度 ）吗？ 是的，在队列研究或试验，可以计算出RR。 Why adjusted OR? Why not adjusted RR ? Either is good for reasoning, it is easier to calculate the adjusted OR. 为什么是调整OR？ 而不是调整RR？推理任一均可，调整OR更容易计算. For cohort study data, you can use log binomial model, to obtain the adjusted RR. 队列研究的数据，您可以使用 log 二项式模型，得到调整后的RR。 How to calculate adjusted RR, in this study ? 在本研究中， 如何计算调整后的RR？ Answers to Questions （2） Do we need adjustments in OR or RR? Most times, yes. 我们需要调整吗？大多数时候，是的。 Is adjustments always necessary? No, sometimes unnecessary.调整是必要的吗？不，有时不必要。 What the difference Between OR and RR? OR does not always represent RR. OR can be calculated in any study designs, RRs can not be calculated directly in case control studies. OR和RR有什么区别？OR 有时不能代表RR。可以在任何临床流行病学研究设计中计算OR。在病例对照研究不能直接计算RR。 What’s the difference between Crude OR vs. Adjusted OR ? The adjusted OR more often (but not always) represents the true association。未调整OR或与调整OR区别是什么？调整OR更经常（但并不总是）代表真正的联系。 What’s the difference between Crude RR vs. Adjusted RR ? 调整RR更经常（但并不总是）代表真正的联系。 真理？假象？ Causal Inference Considerations 因果推理思考 Information bias? 信息偏倚 less likely Confounding factors？混杂因素 possibly Consistency of association ? 联系的一致性 yes Strength of association? 关联强度 OK Do