UNIX操作系统教学课件英文版第五章.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * File Size: The fifth column shows the file size. This is the number of bytes (characters) in the file. In our example, the file size is 342 bytes. Date and Time: The sixth column shows the date and time of the last modification. In our example, myfirst was last modified on June 25, at 12:28. Filename: The seventh column (finally) shows the name of the file, in our example, myfirst. 5.4.5 The ls Command To display the names of the files in your HOME directory in reverse order, type ls -r and press [Return]. To display the contents of your current directory in column format, type ls -C and press [Return]. To display the contents of your current directory separated by commas, type ls -m and press [Return]. 5.4.5 The ls Command Invisible Files A filename beginning with a period refers to an invisible file or a hidden file, and directory listing commands normally do not display them. Startup files are usually invisible (named with the dot at the beginning) so that they do not clutter your directory. 5.4.5 The ls Command The . and .. Directory Entries The mkdir (make directory) command automatically puts two entries in every directory you create. They are a single and double period, representing the current and one level higher directories, respectively. Using the parent and child analogy, dot dot (..) represents the parent directory and dot (.) the child directory. $ls –a . .. first.c 5.4.5 The ls Command Using Multiple Options You can use more than one option in a single command line. For example, if you want to list all files, including invisible (“a” option) files, in long format (-l option), and with the filenames in reverse alphabetic order (-r option), you type ls -alr or ls -a -l -r and press [Return]. 5.4.5 The ls Command You can always print a file to obtain a hard copy of its contents, or use the vi editor to