Bio-Psycho-Social Model - ATI Psychology Institute：生物心理社会模型- ATI心理学研究所[精品].ppt

* Proximal cause What lead to the proximal cause? Psychological and social origins. * Introduce the biomedical model as an extension of the biomedical definition of health given earlier. Modern medicine has looked to two explanations for disease: exposure to infectious agents, i.e. tuberculosis, and changes in physical systems, such as the changes to blood vessels that increase risk for heart disease. Move into thought experiment…..(next slide) * Imagine that I release a large quantity of cold virus into the ventilation system of the room, enough to guarantee that everyone in this room is exposed to the virus. Not everyone will develop symptoms – why not? Discuss each of these briefly, in terms of the their effects on the immune system in handling infections. * * Use multiple languages in a room metaphor to compare biomedical and biopsychosocial models. * Use multiple languages in a room metaphor to compare biomedical and biopsychosocial models. * * Some sources: JAMA. 2000 Dec 20;284(23):3008-14. Women were already showing biological signs – 2.9 is for future CV events and death;men: Arch Intern Med. 2002 Feb 11;162(3):309-15. Used divorce as criteria relationships between social conflict and greater physiologic arousal both with respect to blood pressure (Ewart et al, 1991; Gerin et al, 1992) and neuroendocrine activity (Kiecolt-Glaser et al, 1994); As in the case of adults, children exposed to social conflict exhibit heightened physiological reactivity. Preschoolers exposed to videotapes of angry adult interactions exhibit increases in heart rate and blood pressure (El-Sheikh et al, 1989) Notkola V, Punsar S, Karvonen JM, Haapakaski J. Socio-economic conditions in childhood in morbidity and mortality caused by coronary heart disease in rural Finland. Soc Sci Med 1985;21:517-23. .au/public/issues/172_04_210200/ tennant/tennant.html (2003 review) * Explain difference between a promoting factor and a buffer. Relate to stress and CV disease and Sapolsky’s