化学反应工程Chapter 8.ppt

化 学 反 应 工 程 with maximum CR at (38) This gives the relationship between CR and CA in a batch or in a plug flow reactor. To find the concentrations of the other components, simply make a material balance. An A balance gives 化 学 反 应 工 程 or from which CS can be found as a function of CA and CR. Finally, a balance about B gives (40) from which CB can be found. (39) 化 学 反 应 工 程 Quantitative Treatment, Mixed Flow. Writing the design equation for mixed flow in terms of A and R gives or 化 学 反 应 工 程 Rearranging, we obtain which is the differencial equation corresponding to the differential equation, Eq.36. Writing CR in terms of CA then gives 化 学 反 应 工 程 with (41) equations 39 and 40, material balances about A and B in plug flow, hold equally well for mixed flow and serve to complete the set of equations giving complete product distribution in this reactor. 化 学 反 应 工 程 Graphical Representation. Figures 8.13 and 8.14, time-independent plots, show the distribution of materials in plug and mixed flow and are prepared from Eqs.37 to 41. 化 学 反 应 工 程 As mentioned earlier, A, R, and S behave like the components in first-order reactions in series. Comparing Figs.8.13 and 8.14 with Figs. 8.3b and 8.5b, we see that the distribution of these materials is the same in both cases, plug flow again giving a higher concentration of intermediate than mixed flow. The lines of slope 2 on these charts show the amount of B consumed to reach any particular point on the curve. It makes no difference whether B is added all at one time as in a batch reactor or a little at a time as in a semibatch reactor; in either case the same point on the chart will be reached when the same total amount of B is consumed. 化 学 反 应 工 程 These figures indicate that no matter what reactor system is selected, when the fractional conversion of A is low the fractional yield of R is high. Thus , if it is possible to separate R cheaply from a product stream, the optimum setup for producing R is to hav