Greek希腊.pptVIP

Sappho * * Greek Thought: From Myth to Reason Philosophy ----underlying the seeming chaos of nature were principles of order; general laws can be achieved by the human mind 1. The cosmologists: a rational inquiry into nature (1) Thales (624-548 B.C. ) ----water: the basic element ----omitted the gods from his explanation of the origin of nature ----first person to predict an eclipse of the sun (2) Anaximander (611-547 B.C. ) ----Boundless ----matter philosopher (3) Pythagoras (580-507 B.C. ) ----mathematical relationship ----shift of emphasis: matter form sense perception logic of mathematics (4) Parmenides (515-450 B.C. ) ----the founder of formal logic ----reality/cosmos: one, eternal, unchanging ----sense experience mind reason ----influenced Plato and the foundation of metaphysics ----religious implications (5) Democritus (460-370 B.C. ) ----universe: empty space atoms ----mechanical principles Ionians: natural explanation for physical occurrences Pythagoras: the mathematical order of nature Parmenides: logical proof Democritus: the mechanical structure of the universe pushed thought in a new direction made possible the theoretical thinking and the systematization of knowledge (7) Hippocrates (460-377 B.C. ) ----Greek physician ----record classify predict 2. The sophists: a rational investigation of human society (1) the world of nature people and society (2) professional teachers (3) philosophical relativism ----no truth is universally valid “ Man is the measure of all things.” ----Protagoras (4) Merits and demerits merits:----examine political and ethical problems ----cultivate the minds of their students ----invented formal secular education ----bro