冻干技术：德国MARTIN CHRIST的刘树强所演讲冻干技术 第二册.pdf

FreezingFreezing BehaviourBehaviour „amorphousamorphous“非晶体冻结行为非晶体冻结行为 freezing curve for a mixture of water and saccharose 蔗糖水冻结曲线蔗糖水冻结曲线 Freezing curve 冻结曲线 Phase diagram 相位图 Crystalline Structure Amorphous Structure 晶体结构晶体结构 非晶体结构非晶体结构 Eutectic Point共熔点[°C] Glass Transition TemperatureTemperature • Mannitol 甘露醇 -1,0 玻璃化温度Tg´[°C] • Natrium acetat 醋酸钠 -18,0 • Dextrane葡聚糖 -9,0 • Sodium chloride 氯化钠 -21,5 • Gelatine 明胶 -10,0 • Calcium chloride 氟化钙 -51,0 • Trehalose 海藻糖 -29,5 • Saccharose 蔗糖蔗糖 -32,,0 • Glucose 葡萄糖 -43,0 FreezingFreezing pointpoint凝固点凝固点 AA veryvery importantimportant pointpoint isis thethe determinationdetermination ofof thethe eutectic/glass transition point (= freezing or solid point) of the product 产品的共晶点非常重要 process parametters off ffreeze ddryiing冻冻干干工艺工艺参数参数 It depends on the composition of the the product (and on freezingg sppeed)) and is normallyy far below 0 °C取决取决 于产品的组成成份（和冻结速度），通常远低于0℃ Examples:Examples:例如例如 - water水 0°C - milk 牛奶 -13 °C - vaccines疫苗疫苗 -25°C MyMy productproduct我的产品我的产品:: ?????? Freezing point凝固点 Process Optimisation – Freezing 工艺优化——冷冻 How the correct freezing temperature can be ddettermiined?d? 如何准确确定冻结温度如何准确确定冻结温度 – DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) 差示扫描热量测定 – CryomicroscopeCryomicroscope 低温显微镜低温显微镜 – Temperature sensor, resistance-sensor 温度传感器温度传感器，电阻率传感器电阻