管理学原理Ch8 organizational structure.pptVIP

Chapter 8 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND DESIGN Organizational structure and design: Various elements of organizational structure and what contingency factors influence the design; how to design appropriate organizational structures Staffing: Human resource management human resource planning; recruitment and selection; orientation ;training… Chapter8 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND DESIGN Learning Objectives: – Define organizational structure and organizational design – Explain why structure and design are important to an organization – Describe key elements of organizational structure – Differentiate mechanistic and organic organizational design – Describe a simple structure, a functional structure, and a divisional structure –?? Describe matrix structures 1 Defining Organizational Structure and Design 1.1 organizing - the process of creating an organization’s structure 1.2 ? organizational structure - the formal framework by which job tasks are divided, grouped, and coordinated (1) Complexity : the amount of differentiation in an organization (2) Formalization : the degree to which jobs are standardized and the extent to which employee behavior is guided by rules and procedures. – explicit job descriptions – clearly defined procedures standardization - removes the need for employees to consider alternatives ? employee allowed minimal discretion in highly formalized jobs (3) Centralization and Decentralization Centralization: the degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization, usually in the upper levels of the organization. Decentralization: the handing down of decision-making authority to lower levels in an organization. 1.3 organizational design - process of developing or changing an organization’s structure 2 Vertical Dimension of Organization 2.1 Unity of Command - a person should report to only one manager A slave who has three masters is a free man. – These c