5A详细语法.doc

5A期中语法归纳 there be句型 1. there be表示某处有, 存在某人或某物 构成: There is/are +名词（某物或某人）+地点. There be（there is/ there are） 解释为“有” 例：There is a music room in my school. There is a football under the chair. There are two slides in the garden. There are some boys in the playground. 2. there be的单复数和就近原则 a) 名词是单数或不可数名词时用is 名词是可数名词复数形式时用are. There is +a+可数名词单数 或 There is +some+不可数名词 There are +a lot of/ lots of/ many/ some+ 可数名词复数 （注：some后面可以加可数名词复数也可以加不可数名词。） 例：There is a cup on the desk.. There is some coffee in the cup. There are some cups in the cupboard b) 就近原则是若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。 例： There is a cup on the desk. There is a cup and two eggs on the desk. There are two eggs and a cup on the desk 3.There be 结构的句型转换 a）否定句: there be的否定式通常在be后加not构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。 例：There isn’t a computer in my bedroom. There aren’t any books in the bookcase.b）一般疑问句及其答语:把be提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。其肯定答语是Yes, there is / are;否定答语为No, there isnt / arent。例： Is there an umbrella behind the door? Yes, there is. (No, there, isn’t) Are there two cats in the tree? Yes, there are. (No, there arent.) Are there any bowls in the cupboard? Yes, there are. (No, there arent.) c) 特殊疑问句及其回答: ①提问句子的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)时,句型一律用what is + 地点介词短语?(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)。 例：There are some birds in the tree. （对划线部分提问）→Whats in the tree? There is some bread on the plate. （对划线部分提问）→Whats on the plate? ②提问可数名词(主语)前的数量时,用how many,句型结构为how many + 复数名词 + are there + 其它?(主语无论是单数还是复数,be通常要用are)。例：There is a cat under the bed.（对划线部分提问）→How many cats are there under the bed? There are fourteen boys in my class. (对划线部分提问)→How many boys are there in my class? 4. What’s …? 和Where is/are…? 以及What’s this/ that …? 和 What are these/those/they…?句型的区别。 What’s …? 回答单数是There is…. 复数是 There are…. Where is/are…? （问物品）回答单数是It’s…. 复数是They’re…. What’s this/ that …? 的回答是It’s… What are these/those/they…? 的回答是 They’re… ( 注：What are these/those/they…?是What’s this/ that …? 的复数形式) 例：What’