虚拟语气之状语从句、宾语从句篇.doc

虚拟语气 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。 应用条件 　　在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。 一、虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件状语从句中的用法 真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。　 判断下列的句子哪些是真实条件句，哪些是非真实条件句 If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.　　 If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. If I were you, I would go at once. If it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved. If you had taken the medicine, you would have felt better now. [用法点拨] If引导的非 真实条件句 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与过去事实 相反 过去完成时 had +过去分词 would/should /could/might+ have + 过去分词 与现在事实 相反 一般过去时 were, did would/should/could/might+ 动词原形 与将来事实 相反 一般过去时were, did were to + 动词原形 should+ 动词原形 would/should/could/might+ 动词原形 [即时演练] 用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。 If her lawyer ____________(be)there last Sunday, he____________ (prevent) her from going. If it____________ (not be) for the heavy fog, you____________ (see) the beautiful tower in the distance easily last Tuesday. If the earth____________ (have) gravity, the moon____________ (fly) to the sun. If everyone in the country ____________ (buy) one soft drink each day and ____________ (throw) it away, there would soon be a huge mountain of rubbish. If you ____________ (take) my advice then, you____________ (not be) in difficulty. If he ____________ (come) here tomorrow, I ____________ (talk) to him. [拓展] 1、当从句谓语动词中有should/were/had时，可将if省略，而将should/were/had放在句首，构成倒装。 [考例] （1）Had they known what was coming next, they _________ second thoughts.(2012山东) A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had （2）_________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006年湖北) A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 2、当主句和从句所指的时间不一致，主语从句的谓语需根据实际时间概念确定，形成混合虚拟语气。 [考例] Maybe if I _________ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studi