植物营养5.11.pptVIP

Mycorrhizae菌根 “Infected” roots form mycorrhizae, symbiotic 共生 structures consisting of the plant’s roots united with the fungal hyphae菌丝. Ascent of xylem sap Phloem loading requires active transport Proton pumping and cotransport 协同转运 of sucrose and H+ ——Enable the cells to accumulate sucrose In many plant species, sugar moves by symplastic and apoplastic pathways Test Pressure flow hypothesis Molecular Biology and Plants * 裸子植物和被子植物中的双子叶植物才有次生生长 同时发生，在不同的部位而已 裸子植物和被子植物中的双子叶植物才有次生生长 同时发生，在不同的部位而已 有这两种营养，之间又有着联系的需要，分别来自叶和根，所以之间必须要有物质运输的机制。 叶中制造的糖要运往根和其他部分，而根吸收的水分和无机盐又要上运，有些树高100m，如何运上去的？ This morphological solution created a new problem: the need to transport materials between roots and shoots. Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the shoots. Phloem transports sugars from the site of production to the regions that need them for growth and metabolism. Pathways for Survival The algal ancestors of plants obtained water, minerals and CO2 from the water in which they were completely immersed. For vascular plants, the evolutionary journey onto land involved the differentiation of the plant body into roots, which absorb water and minerals from the soil, and shoots, which absorb light and atmospheric CO2 for photosynthesis. The uptake and loss of water and solutes by individual cells, such as root hairs. Short-distance transport of substances from cell to cell at the level of tissues or organs, such as the loading of sugar from photosynthetic leaf cells into the sieve tubes of phloem. Long-distance transport of sap within xylem and phloem at the level of the whole plant. A few lipophilic substances move freely across the cell membrane by passive diffusion. Most small molecules or ions require the assistance of specific protein carriers to transport them across the membrane. Large molecules do not cross intact cell membranes, except in certain special cases. Transport at the cellular level depends on the selective permeability of memb