自考词汇学9-10.pptVIP

Chapter 9--10 英语词汇学 English Lexicology Chapter 9 English Idioms Definition: Expressions not understandable from literal meanings of individual elements Colloquialism, catchphrase, slang, proverb 9.1 Characterisitcs 1) Semantic unity: no individual identity: meaning, part of speech function as one word illogical relationship of the meaning between each word and idiom 2) Structural stability: unchangeable constituents,word order, grammar. 3) Idiomaticity is gradable a scale:constituent meaning--- idiom meaning True idioms: cannot deduce Semi-idioms: related in a way Regular combinations: regular collocations fixity -----idiomaticity 9.2 Classification of idioms Criterion: grammatical function 1) nominal ~: n./a. + (prep./conj.)+ n. 2) adjective ~ : a./prep./adv.+ conj./prep.+ n. 3) verbal ~: phrasal verbs: v. + prep./ particle verb phrases: v. + n./a./adv./conj.+ n./a./v./prep phrase 4): adverbial ~: n./prep.+ n.+(conj.)+a./n. 5): sentence ~: proverb, saying 小结:各类习语必含相应词性为关键词\引导词 9.3 Use of idioms 1) stylistic feature: informal--colloquialism, slang formal-- literary expression 2) rhetorical feature: phonetic: alliteration, rhyme lexical: reiteration同义重复, repetition 完全重复, juxtaposition 反义邻接 figures of speech: simile明喻, metaphor暗喻, metonymy换喻, synecdoche借代, personification拟人, euphemism委婉语 3) variations Structural stability is not absolute grammar; constituents Changes: 词:replacement, addition/ deletion 结构:position-shifting移位, shortening缩略, dismembering肢解 Chapter 10 English Dictionary 1) Types: monolingual / bilingual ~: linguistic 语文 encyclopedic ~百科: define words, explain usages; encyclopedic information – headword; unabridged ~大型(20万),desk ~案头(5-15万),pocket~袖珍(5万) specialized~专用: particular area of knowledge 10.2 Use of dictionary 1) choice 语种mono-, bi-: linguistic level beginner, intermediate advanced leaner 范围general/ specialized: encyclopedic, detailed---teacher/researcher 标准Bri./Amr.: grammar; encyclopedic 时间ealy/la