机械零部件的创新设计的探究22.doc

机械零部件的创新设计 【摘 要】文章针对传统机械零部件的设计局限性，提出了现代设计思想和方法。 【 pick to 】 according to design limitations of the traditional mechanical parts, modern design ideas and methods are put forward. 　【关键词】机械制造；零部件设计；现代思想；科学发展 【 key words 】 machinery manufacturing; Parts design; Modern ideas; The scientific development 一、机械零部件传统的设计局限 A, the design of the limitations of traditional mechanical parts 　　传统机械零部件的设计带来了运用中出现的许多问题：零部件容易腐蚀损坏；零部件容易疲劳损坏，断裂、表面剥落等；零部件容易摩擦损坏等等。这些问题的出现，都是机械零部件传统的设计局限性所产生的。机械机械零部件设计是人类为了实现某种预期的目标而进行的一种创造性活动。传统机械机械零部件设计的特点是以长期经验积累为基础，通过力学、数学建模及试验等所形成的经验公式、图表、标准及规范作为依据，运用条件性计算或类比等方法进行设计。传统设计在长期运用中得到不断的完善和提高，目前在大多数情况下仍然是有效的设计方法，但是它有很多局限：在方案设计时凭借设计者有限的直接经验或间接经验，通过计算、类比分析等，以收敛思维方式，过早地确定方案。这种方案设计既不充分又不系统，不强调创新，因此很难得到最优方案；在机械零部件设计中，仅对重要的零部件根据简化的力学模型或经验公式进行静态的或近似的设计计算，其他零部件只作类比设计，与实际工况有时相差较远，难免造成失误；传统设计偏重于考虑产品自身的功能的实现，忽略人―机―环境之间关系的重要性；传统设计采用手工计算、绘图，设计的准确性差、工作周期长、效率低。 In the traditional mechanical parts the design of using many of the problems: parts easy to corrosion damage; Parts easy to fatigue damage, fracture, surface spalling, etc; Friction parts is easy to damage, etc. The emergence of these problems are produced by the traditional design of mechanical parts. Machine mechanical parts design is human in order to achieve a desired goal for a creative activity. Traditional mechanical characteristics of mechanical parts design is based on the long-term accumulation of experience, through mechanics, mathematical modeling and experiment of empirical formulas, charts, standards and regulations as the basis, using the method of conditional calculations or analogy design. Traditional design in use for a long time continuously improve and improve, at present, in most cases, is still the effective design method, but it has many limitations: during the scheme design with designers co., LTD. Direct experience and indirect experience, through calculation, analogy analysis, etc., with convergent thinking, too early to determine the scheme. This design is neither sufficient nor system, e