分词时态语态形式 .pptVIP

及物动词 不及物动词 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态 现在分词 一般式 doing being done doing 完成式 having done having been done having done 过去分词 一般式 _____ done done 分词时态语态的形式 否定：not doing / not having done * 一.一般式 现在分词主动表示动作正在进行 Passing the park, he noticed a boy fall off the tree. 现在分词被动表示一个被动的动作正在进行 The bicycle being mended is my father’s. 及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经完成或被动 This is the book written by a peasant writer. She is a teacher respected by all. 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经完成，但无被动意义 In autumn you can find fallen leaves everywhere. * 二.完成式 现在分词主动语态 Having cleaned the classroom, he went home. Not having reviewed her lessons, she was criticized by the teacher. 现在分词被动语态 Having been given a good gift, she was too glad to fall asleep. Having been invited to make a speech on current affairs, he made full preparations. 现在分词完成式的被动和过去分词所表示的动作和状态都比句子谓语动词表示的动作先发生，因而常用来代替前者，但前者往往强调动作，后者强调状态。 * Participle as predicative The invention is encouraging. The news is disappointing. In winter the ground was covered with snow and ice. She is unmarried. 分词做表语相当于形容词，表示性质或状态。而构成进行时态和被动语态中的分词是谓语动词的组成部分，表示具体的动作。 The window was broken by Tom. The teacher’s praise is encouraging her to study harder. * Participle as attributive She told us an exciting story. His spoken English is very good. The woman sitting at the desk is our manageress. These are the color TV sets made in Shanghai. 分词短语作定语一定要位于被修饰的词后，相当于定语从句。 * Participle as adverbial 分词做状语可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随情况与方式。除伴随情况外，其余都相当于一个状语从句。分词短语做状语，一定要注意它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。 Hearing the news, she jumped with joy. Not knowing how to get there, he had to go by taxi. Considered from this point of view, the policy is of great importance. She dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. They stood on the playground, watching a football match. The teacher walked into the office, followed by a few students. * Participle as object complement 分词做宾语补足语补充说明宾语的行为或状态，和宾语有逻辑主谓关系。 I heard someone knocking at the door. I usually have my hair cut once a month. He found his hometown much changed. * Participle as