高考英语语法精品学案：专题七 非谓语动词推荐.doc

PAGE 从近几年的高考试题来看，非谓语动词考查特征呈现情景和设问角度的多样化趋势。具体考点如下： 现在分词与过去分词的区别；done, being done, to be done的区别；不定式与分词作状语的区别；不定式的时态及疑问词＋不定式形式；谓语动词与非谓语动词的区分；非谓语动词的时态、语态、复合结构以及独立结构的使用。 大家在判断使用何种非谓语动词形式时，可遵循以下规律：对比时间：对照谓语动词的时间，确定非谓语动词的时态形式；辨明逻辑：从非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系判断非谓语动词的语态。 一、动词不定式 1．动词不定式的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义 ? 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing / 如： He seems to know this. It is important to read English every day. The bridge to be built next year is very long. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long. His new novel is said to have been published. She happened to be writing a letter when I passed by. 了解不定式各种形式的时态和语态意义对正确理解和使用不定式起着很重要的作用。要结合不定式的句法功能一起掌握，灵活运用。 2．不定式的句法功能 除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何成分。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(作主语和表语) You should continue to learn as long as you live. 要活到老学到老。(作宾语) She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings. 她晚上经常有很多会要开。(作定语) To do a good job, we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具得用对。(作状语) I didnt expect you to arrive so early. 我没想到你来得那么早。(作宾语补足语) 3． 学习动词不定式应注意的几个问题 (1) 用不定式作宾语的词语。 下列词语常用不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，prefer，decide，manage，arrange，determine，desire等。 下列动词后可接“疑问词＋不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，advise，discuss等。 (2) 理解和使用不定式作宾补。 ① see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，make，let，have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。 ② 常用不定式作宾补的几种情况： 主语＋ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like＋sb. to do sth. 主语＋think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine＋sb.＋to be/to have done sth. 主语＋call on/depend on/wait for/ask for＋sb.＋to do sth. (3) 不定式作定语的特殊用法。 ① 下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。如： He had a good way to make his lessons lively and interesting. Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday? ② 不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。如： There is no one to look after her. ③ 不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。如： I hav