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高考英语语法精品学案:专题十四 主谓一致与数词推荐
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主谓一致
在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来,高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致三个方面。
一、使用复数谓语动词的情况
1. 由and, both…and…连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Both the teacher and the students are working hard.
但当and 连接的两个名词指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,且第二个名词前没有冠词等限定词时;另外,and连接的两个名词前有each,every等修饰语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
The knife and fork lies on the table.
2. “the+形容词或过去分词”指一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
The wounded were sent to the hospital at once.
3. the people/cattle/police作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
After hearing the news, the people present were all crying.
二、使用单数谓语动词的情况
1. 单数名词、不可数名词、不定代词,如something/somebody, everything/everybody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Anybody who breaks the law is to be punished.
2. 不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Looking after the baby is my job.
3. 学科名词,以-s结尾的单数名词,以-s结尾的书名、报纸杂志名、地方、组织名称作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Physics is hard to study.
4. 单数名词+ with, along with,together with,as well as,rather than, as much as, but, except, besides, such as, like, including等作主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:
Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.
三、使用就近原则的情况
or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but连接两个主语时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。如:
Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball,otherwise they would take part in the basketball match.
四、集体名词作主语时主谓一致的情况
若看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若侧重于个体,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:class, family,population, committee等。如:
The whole family are farmers.
五、几个具体情况
1. none作主语时,谓语动词多用复数形式,也可用单数形式。如:
None of this money is yours.
None of these suggestions are very helpful.
2.a number of+复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式,the number of+复数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
A number of students study at home nowadays on weekends.
The number of students in my class is 63.
3. one of+复数名词,后面跟定语从句时,谓语动词用复数形式,即与复数名词一致;the (only) one of+复数名词,谓语动词用单数形式,即与the (only) one一致。如:
He is one of the students who are against the plan.
The only one of the students who is to be punished is Tom.
4.“some+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; some+单数名词作主语时,some意为“某个”,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Some student is on duty today.
Some student
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