《鹿特丹规则》与我国航海过失免责(设计).docVIP

《鹿特丹规则》与我国航海过失免责 摘 要 国际贸易与国际惯例是两个密不可分的主体。最新国际海上货物运输公约《鹿特丹规则》海上货物运输制度航海过失免责自产生以来就备受争议各国、各利益集团对是否应该取消航海过失免责的意见并不统一我国《海商法》对承运人保留航海过失免责。航海过失免责《鹿特丹规则》取消“航海过失免责”条款《鹿特丹规则》航海过失免责我国现状《鹿特丹规则》应采取的态度《鹿特丹规则》航海过失免责International Trade is inseparable from International Practice. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea, known as the Rotterdam Rules (RR) will be taken effect within half a year. It will be important to the development of our trade and our maritime industry. The nautical fault exemption from liability is completely unique and controversial to shipping business. There are different opinions about whether to eliminate this term. China Maritime Law retains the term of nautical fault exemption from liability. Under the situation of International Trade, China still has problems which caused by the term of nautical fault exemption from liability, and those problems often cause adverse effects to the development of our international trade. The Rotterdam Rules eliminate the term of nautical fault exemption from liability. Under the development trend of our international trade, we can analyze the problems which caused by the term from the view of the Rotterdam Rules, and know beneficial and adverse effects. Combining the present situation of our international trade with practical problems, the paper will give some suggestion about the change in China Maritime Law, so that it can prompt the steady growth of the international trade. Key words: The Rotterdam Rules; Nautical fault exemption from liability; Negligence in Management of Ship; Negligence in care for cargo 目 录 绪 论 1 一、《鹿特丹规则》概述 3 （一）《鹿特丹规则》的产生背景及最新动态 3 （二）《鹿特丹规则》与三大国际海运公约的关系 4 （三）《鹿特丹规则》的主要变化 5 1、适用范围扩大 5 2、提高了承运人的责任限额 5 3、取消“航海过失免责”条款 6 4、赋予较大合同自由 6 5、明确规定托运人义务 6 6、增加控制权和权利转让的规定 6 二、航海过失免责及存废争议 7 （一）航海过失免责条款 7 1、航海过失免责的内涵 7 2、航海过失免责的存在理由 7 （二）关于航海过失免责存废的争议 8 1、取消航海过失免责理由分析 8 2、保留航海过失免责理由分析 9 三、我国《海商法》对航海过失免责的规定及问题 10 （一）《海商法》对航海过失免责的规定 10