中国文化通览Lecture Four.ppt

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中国文化通览Lecture Four

Lecture Four Chapter Five Gems of the Chinese Culture The Four Books and The Five Classics; China’s Operas The Great Learning written in the early Han Dynasty; about the cultivation of one’s moral character and the wisdoms of governing a country The Doctrine of the Mean another essay in The Book of Rites, a sister chapter to The Great Learning; about the Confucian philosophy of life; Zhong means neither too many nor too few; Yong means neither outstanding nor common; “Confucian Way of the Heart”: loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, and love are all part of human nature. However, not everyone can let nature take its course. Therefore, education is necessary to perfect them. If everyone makes strict demands on themselves, and does everything according to the Confucian rites, the society will go smoothly. People should try to be sincere by cultivating themselves so as to follow the right way, the golden mean. The Confucian Analects a collection of the saying and teachings of Confucius and his disciples; complied in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after the death of Confucius; embodies the Confucian concept of benevolence, whose core is “ the benevolent loves others” or universal love ren (benevolence) is the essence of li (rites) and yue (music); it is the No. 1 principle of being a decent man; Yi (righteousness) is the codes of conduct under the guidance of ren The Works of Mencius a collection of anecdotes about the teachings of Master Meng Ke; polished and finalized by Mencius himself; stressed ren and yi, with emphasis on the latter; both are inherent all men have natural sympathies; cultivates and develops one’s “good nature” called for a benevolent government The Book of Poetry comprises 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period; three versions: collecting of folk songs, gleaning of congratulatory poems and the selection of the poem by Confucius; three categories: feng (folk songs col

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