AIR POLLUTION空气污染.pptVIP

AIR POLLUTION OUTLINE The atmosphere Categories of Air Pollutants Control of Air Pollutants Acid deposition Global Warming and Climate Change Ozone depletion Indoor air pollutant ATMOSPHERE Troposphere 对流层 Stratosphere 平流层 Ionosphere 电离层 Troposphere Where the weather is! Location - 17 km at the equator, and about 8 km over the poles. Composition – N2 78% O2 21% . Water vapor accounts for 0.01% to 5%. Stratosphere Location - 17- 48km. Very thin air - virtually no weather, and no turbulence. Composition- Similar to troposphere, water vapor is 1000x less, ozone is 1000x greater. OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION Primary air pollutant– released in their unmodified forms and in sufficient quantities to pose a health risk. Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, dust or smoke particles, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen compounds. P389, table 17.1 Categories of Air Pollutants Primary Air Pollutants Five major materials released directly into the atmosphere in unmodified forms. Secondary air pollutants form under reaction of primary pollutants and water or sunlight. Criteria Air Pollutants are those pollutants for which specific air quality standards have been set. Primary Air Pollutants Carbon Monoxide - Produced when organic materials are incompletely burned. Single largest source is the automobile. Not a persistent pollutant. Makes hemoglobin less able to carry oxygen. Most dangerous in enclosed spaces Volatile Organic Compounds Hydrocarbons Evaporated from automobile fuel or remnants of fuel incompletely burned. Catalytic converters used to burn exhaust gases more completely. Particulate Matter - Minute pieces of solid materials ( 10 microns) dispersed into the atmosphere. PM10 and PM 2.5 Larger than 2.5 microns are primary pollutants; Smaller than 2.5 are mostly secondary pollutants. Can accumulate in lungs and interfere with the ability of lungs to exchange gases. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - produced when sulfur-containing fossil fuels are burned. Today over 65% of SO2 release