最新钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展.ppt

1. Science, 2013, 342(6156): 344-347. 2. Science, 2013, 342(6156): 341-344. 易制备。制造无瑕疵的晶体通常需要超高的温度，或价值数百万美元的设备。但是钙钛矿能在80摄氏度下被制成，并能从溶液中简单沉淀析出近乎完美的形式。 有机太阳能电池的扩散长度大约为10纳米。相比之下，钙钛矿的扩散长度是前者的100倍。 钙钛矿还有另一个价值很高的特性：产生电压的效率。例如，在晶体硅太阳能电池中，需要从光子获得至少1.1电子伏(eV)的能量，从而将一个电子反冲出硅原子的束缚，成为自由电子。然后，电子到达电极，再进入电路，它们的电压会降至0.7eV，仅丧失了0.4eV——这也是硅在商业上取得成功的部分原因。对于传统的DSSCs和有机太阳能电池而言，这些损耗约为0.7eV～0.8eV。但是，钙钛矿的损耗仅有0.4eV，与商业利益相匹配。最终光伏器件电压约1 V。 * A Nano Lett. 2013,13, 1764. * 介观结构中，CH3NH3PbX3 作为一种新颖的染料，器件结构与典型DSSC类似。 Planar中， CH3NH3PbX3 作为吸收层。 * VASP: vapor assisted solution process 气相辅助溶液工艺 Adfm.201402020 * 1. Nano Lett., 2014, 14(2), 724-730 * 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis( N , N -di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobi? uorene (spiro-OMeTAD) PFB TFB茀系共轭高分子 Phys. Chem. Lett. 2007, 98, 177402. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013 , 135 , 19087 . Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014 , 53 , 4085 . Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201401557 Science, 2014, 345(6196): 542-546. * Classical studies indicate that the generated electron–hole pair seems to behave as a Mott–Wannier exciton in the CH3NH3PbI3 with low binding energies of 50 meV [Solid State Communications 127 (2003) 619.]. This indicates the possibility of charge separation within the absorber itself. * 1. Chemical management for colorful, efficient, and stable inorganic-organic hybrid nanostructured solar cells. Nano Lett, 2013, 13(4): 1764-1769. Hodes, G. and D. Cahen (2014). Perovskite cells roll forward. Nature Photonics 8(2): 87-88. ZnO有比TiO2更高的电子传导率。ZnO易于成膜，不需要很高的温度来退火，很容易在柔性基底上制备器件。效率降低到10%左右，还是很不错的结果。The incident photon-to-current conversion ef?ciency (IPCE)spectra exhibit 74% (Fig. 3b) where the generation of photocurrent started at 790 nm, in agreement with the bandgap of the CH3NH3PbI3. * Synthesis ofCsSnI32xFx. PureCsSnI32xFx (0#x#1) compoundswere achieved by heating a stoichiometric mixture of CsI, SnI2 and SnF2 in an evacuated Pyrex or fused silica tube at 450 uC for 30min, followed by quenching to room temperature. The ground powders (,100–35