我们的作业Immediate Constituent Analysis12.ppt

Immediate Constituent Analysis（IC） 1, Q1:What is “constituent”? Q2. What is “node”? 2. The girl bought four books. ( Words formed equivalently into a sentence in a line. ) A :(sentence) 1. What is “constituent”? Constituent is a term used in structure sentence analysis for every linguistic unite, which is a part of a large linguistic. Several constituents together form a construction. 2，Immediate Constituents Conventionally for a Chinese to konw a snetence: The+ girl+ bought+ four+ books.( Words formed equivalently into a sentence in a line. ) But for Immediate Constituents Analysis, a sentence have a hierarchically(分层次的）structure, and that means it s made up of layers of word group: The girl bought four books. (mother) The girl bought four books. （daughter） The girl bought the apple. （daughter） four books. （daughter） 3，Definition of immediate constituent (IC) Analysis (1)It refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents—phrases, which are in turn analyze into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached. (2) The approach to divide the sentence up into its immediate constituents by using binary cutting until ultimate constituents is called IC analysis. It reveals the hierarchical relations, as well as sequential relations, among words or groups of words in a sentence. 4，Ways to IC analyze For Example, there are two ways to IC analyze the sentence Lovely Lucy ran away. (1) With brackets:(less easy to read) ((Lovely) (Lucy)) ((ran) (away)). (2) With a tree diagram:(the best way) Lovely Lucy ran away. Other example:The man bought a car. 5，What is the criterion（准则） used in IC analysis? Substitutability, that is, whether a sequence of words can be substituted for a single word and the structure remains the sam