Chapter3-多媒体网络.ppt

多媒体网络和Qos(服务质量Quality of Service) Chapter 7: goals 基本原则 区分不同类型的流量（多媒体应用？FTP？） 识别多媒体应用所需的网络服务 在互联网“尽力而为服务”的基础上加强多媒体应用的性能 协议和架构 为多媒体应用制订“尽力而为服务”基础上的应用层协议 提供确保QoS 的机制 提供差别服务的机制 QoS架构 Chapter 7 outline 7.1 multimedia networking applications 7.2 streaming stored audio and video 7.3 making the best out of best effort service 7.4 protocols for real-time interactive applications RTP,RTCP,SIP 7.5 providing multiple classes of service 7.6 providing QoS guarantees 多媒体网络应用 主要特点: 时延敏感(delay sensitive) end-to-end delay delay jitter 丢包容忍(loss tolerant): infrequent losses cause minor glitches 不同于常规数据( which are loss intolerant but delay tolerant ). 多媒体网络应用类型: 1）流式存储stored streaming 2）流式实况live streaming 3）实时交互 interactive, real-time 流式(streaming)存储多媒体 流式存储多媒体: What is it? 流式存储多媒体: 交互 流式实况多媒体：边录制边发送 Examples: Internet radio talk show live sporting event Streaming (as with streaming stored multimedia) playback buffer playback can lag tens of seconds after transmission still have timing constraint Interactivity fast forward impossible rewind, pause possible! 实时交互式多媒体 end-end delay requirements: audio: 150 msec good, 400 msec OK includes application-level (packetization) and network delays higher delays noticeable, impair interactivity session initialization how does caller advertise its IP address, port number, encoding algorithms? 当前互联网上多媒体遇到的困境 TCP/UDP/IP: IP 是“尽力而为”的服务, 无法给出丢包/延迟的保障和承诺! 如何改进互联网（架构）以便更好支持多媒体? 整体改进(确保QoS): fundamental changes in Internet so that apps can reserve end-to-end bandwidth(预留带宽) requires new, complex software in hosts routers（见7.6 RSVP Intserv QoS ） 放任自流(应用层改进) more bandwidth when needed (ISP) content distribution, application-layer multicast application layer IP多播 no major changes，充分利用”尽力而为服务“ 在应用层改进多媒体应用性能（见7.3、 7.4 ） 区分服务(软保证的QoS ): fewer changes to Internet infrastructure, yet provide 1st and 2nd class service （见7.5） 根据数据报的流量类别（IP的区分服务字段 DS ），在路由器为其选择不同的调度、监管机制 音频压缩 analog signal sampled at constant rate telephone: 8,000 samples/sec CD m