脑炎及化脑讲义.pdfVIP

脑炎及脑膜炎 Definitions • Meningitis inflammation of the meninges • Encephalitis • infection of the brain parenchyma • Meningoencephalitis inflammation of brain + meninges Page 2 Encephalitis 脑炎 Viral Encephalitis • Encephalitis is an acute inflammatory process affecting the brain • Viral infection is the most common and important cause, with over 100 viruses implicated worldwide • Incidence of 3.5-7.4 per 100,000 persons per year Page 4 Causes of Viral Encephalitis • Herpes viruses – HSV-1, HSV-2, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus • Adenoviruses • Influenza A • Enteroviruses, poliovirus • Measles, mumps, and rubella viruses • Rabies • Arboviruses – examples: Japanese encephalitis; West Nile encephalitis virus; Eastern, Western and Venzuelan equine encephalitis virus; tick borne encephalitis virus • Bunya viruses • Reoviruses – example: Colorado tick fever virus • Arenaviruses – example: lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Page 5 Signs and symptoms of viral encephalitis Common Fever Headache(dull), nausea, vomiting, malaise Mental changes, confusion, delirium, lethargy ,stupor Seizures: generalized or focal Hyperreflexia, Babinski signs, spasticity Mild stiff neck Page 6 Signs and symptoms of viral encephalitis Less common Coma Tremors of arm or face, Pakinsonism Hemiparesis Aphasia Cranial nerve palsies Ataxia Papilledema Visua