Understanding the Linux operating system汇.ppt

Linux Performance and Tuning Understanding the Linuxoperating system Process Memory IO Network Schematic interaction of different performance components Linux process management timeslice: 30ms 10ms cell, page frame What is a process? A process is an instance of execution that runs on a processor From the kernels point of view, the purpose of a process is to act as an entity to which system resources (CPU time, memory, etc.) are allocated They include a set of resources such as open files and pending signals, internal kernel data, processor state, a memory address space with one or more memory mappings, one or more threads of execution, and a data section containing global variables Process Descriptor and the Task Structure To manage processes, the kernel must have a clear picture of what each process is doing The kernel stores the list of processes in a circular doubly linked list called the task list All processes running on Linux operating system are managed by the task_struct structure, which is also called a process descriptor The task_struct is a relatively large data structure, at around 1.7 kilobytes on a 32-bit machine The process descriptor and task list 链表 The Linux process descriptor Process State TASK_RUNNING The process is either executing on a CPU or waiting to be executed TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE The process is suspended (sleeping) until some condition becomes true. Raising a hardware interrupt, releasing a system resource the process is waiting for, or delivering a signal are examples of conditions that might wake up the process (put its state back to TASK_RUNNING) A typical example of a TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE process is a process waiting for keyboard interrupt TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE Like TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, except that delivering a signal to the sleeping process leaves its state unchanged A typical example of a TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE process is a process waiting for disk I/O operation TASK_STOPPED Process execution has been stopped; the process enters this