厌氧菌鉴定及药敏.pptVIP

General Concepts A. Definition No universally accepted definition Need a reduced oxygen tension for growth and fail to grow on surface media when incubated in air. Aerotolerant anaerobes:- Do not use molecular oxygen and are inhibited by it to some extent. Grow best under anaerobic conditions But some grow scantly in aerobic conditions. (e.g. Clostridium histolyticum,Propionibacterium) Obligate anaerobes:- Bacterial growth is inhibited by the presence of molecular oxygen, probably because oxygen is directly toxic to them. (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis). B. Normal Flora Most mucocutaneous surfaces (e.g. oral cavity, gut) of humans harbor a flora of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, which varies at different anatomic sites in terms of concentrations and microbial species C. Polymicrobial Nature of Anaerobic Infection Many of the infectious processes involving anaerobes are polymicrobial (mixtures of anaerobes and facultative organisms) Symbiotic relationships frequently exist between some of the bacteria involved in polymicrobial infections, which can act synergistically in the production of disease (e.g. Gas gangrene – Cl. Perfringens Sta. aureus) Anaerobes involved in disease of human Outside of (exogenous origin) Clostridium, many species of which are found in soil. Exogenous anaerobes or their spores usually enter the body via the mouth (ingestion) or an open wound Within the body (endogenous origin) - most frequently isolated Anaerobic infection Frequency of Anaerobe (1) Anaerobic infection Frequency of Anaerobe (2) Conditions Predisposing a Patient to Anaerobic Infection (1) Predisposing Condition Explanation Human or animal bite wounds Endogenous anaerobes of the oral cavity enter the wound Aspiration of oral contents into Endogenous anaerobes of the oral the lungs after vomiting cavity and other materials (mucous, stomach contents, etc.) enter the lungs Tooth extraction, oral surgery, or Endogenous anaerobes of the oral trauma