puritanism -清教主义 图文.ppt

Puritanism 第二组 袁朵 A Brief Introduction of Puritanism Puritanism started in the sixteenth century as a movement to reform the Church of England. Puritanism accepted the interpretations of John Calvin (1509-64) on the nature of man, free will (自由意志)and predestination（预定论）, and other basic concepts, which had a profound influence on the social, political, ethical, and theological ideas of England and America.  Puritanism: Puritanism originated from England and manifested itself in many ways in British North American colonies. Although they formed essential elements of religious norms for behavior, “justification by grace through faith”(因信称义），the idea of calling”（天职思想）, “a city upon a hill”（山巅之城） “因信称义”： 美国历史学家戴格勒指出:“个人主义是遗留给后代的清教主义的核心,……如果说美国人今天是个人主义者,那么清教主义是个人主义的主要根源。”［4］诞生于英国宗教改革时期的清教主义,受欧洲大陆马丁·路德和加尔文的新教思想影响,极具反抗权威、抵制特权的精神和强烈的突出教徒个人、彰显自我的意识。其理论来源是“因信称义”的新教主张 “天职思想”：天主教推崇“出世”修行的灵魂拯救方式,清教的主张则带有明显的“入世”特征。它主张信徒在追求永恒的彼世时不必也无法回避现世,不但视现世为通向彼世的重要桥梁,而且强调现世在教徒个人救赎过程中的功能与作用,突出以现世的实践追求彼世的理想的教义。对于信奉新教的清教徒来说,在另一个世界的拯救在很大程度上取决于个人改变现实世界的成功程度。 “山巅之城“： 他们提倡勤俭清洁的生活，希望在新大陆上建造自己的山巅之城” 。 The Background: Protestant Reformation The Protestant Reformation was a religious movement that began in Germany in the 16th century as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church, which resulted in the creation of the Protestant. Henry viii (1491-1547) Puritans Puritans was the name given in the 16th century to the more extreme Protestants within the Church of England who thought the English Reformation had not gone far enough in reforming the doctrines and structure of the church; they wanted to “purify” their national church by eliminating every shred of Catholic influence. Religious Beliefs of Puritanism （1）Covenant Theology （1）Covenant of Works(行为之约) is God‘s promise to Adam. In return for perfect obedience, he would merit God’s reward. Unfortunately, Adam failed to keep the covenant. Once A