SuccessinSurfactanteor表面活性剂提高采收率.pdf

Success in Surfactant EOR: Avoid the Failure Mechanisms George J. Hirasaki Rice University SPE ATW on Chemical Flooding EOR January 16-19, 2011 Penang, Malaysia Requirements for Surfactant EOR • Ultra-Low IFT • Mobility Control • Transport Across Reservoir Phase Behavior of Anionic Surfactant, Brine, and Oil Reed and Healy, 1977 Interfacial Tension Correlates with the Volume Ratios in the Microemulsion Healey, Reed, and Stenmark, 1975 There is synergism in blending surfactants. NI Surfactant Blends Improve Calcium Tolerance 0.5% N67-7POIOS, 2% NaCl 2.5% Phase Separation Precipitation 2.0% Clear n o i t a r t 1.5% Multi-Phase Region n e c n o C 2 1.0% l C a C 0.5% 1-Phase Region 0.0% IOS 1:4 1:2 1:1 2:1 4:1 9:1 N67-7PO N67-7PO S:IOS-15/18 (w/w) Capillary Number Required for Displacement Depends on Wettability Stegemeier, 1975 Waterfloods Buoyancy Contributes to Mobilization Pennell, Pope, Abriola, 1996 N N 2 2 N N sin N 2 T Ca Ca B B uw w N Ca  cos ow  g k krw N B  cos ow Dolomite A successful ASP Pr