定语从句 教师卷.docVIP

2011届高三英语语法复习之五 定 语 从 句 定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，另外名词、数词、单个的分词作定语也一般前置。副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“……的”。一个美丽的女孩a beautiful girl 一个穿白色衣服的女孩 a girl in white 一个正唱歌的女孩 a girl who is singing 一、定语从句的概念及结构： 在复合句中，修饰主句中一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。主句和从句由关系代词或关系副词连接．关系代词或关系副词作句子成分。 2、关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 3. 结构：The students who do not study hard will not pass the exam. 二、定语从句的位置及引导词： 1.位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。 2.引导词： 关系代词:指人: who(主、宾)，whom(宾)，that(主、宾), whose(定) 指物: that(主、宾), which(主、宾), whose(定) 关系副词: where (地点状语) when (时间状语) why (原因状语) 限制性定语从句 restrictive）：“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。译法上译成先行词的定语“．．．的” 例： The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history. In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 非限制性定语从句non-restrictive）：对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。通常译成主句的并列句。非限定性定语从句有“唯一性”． His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 3.注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义： ①Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. 她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.（意含：她还有其他哥哥。） Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。） ②All the books that have pictures in them are well written. 所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含：不带插图的书则不一定写得好。） All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written. 所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。） 4.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较 ①I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book. which ②He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry. It ③He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry. which ④He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers. them ⑤He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers. whom 关 系 代 词 的 用 法： 关系代词如何引导定语从句 The building is our school. The building stands by the river. The building that/which stands by the rivers our school ★ which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building, 同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两