【化学】高中化学方程式及离子方程式总结.doc

【化学】高中化学方程式及离子方程式总结 第一部分 金属一、碱金属 1.钠 Na4Na+O22Na2O??? ??? ??? ????? 2Na+S＝Na2S(爆炸)????? 2Na+2H2O＝2NaOH+H2↑????? 2Na+2NH3＝2NaNH2+H2?????? ?4Na+TiCl4(熔融)＝4NaCl+TiNa2ONa2O+H2O＝2NaOH???? ?? ??????? ? Na2O+SO3＝Na2SO4????????? ?? Na2O+CO2＝Na2CO3??????? ???? Na2O+2HCl＝2NaCl+H2O?? Na2O2+2Na＝2Na2O(此反应用于制备Na2O)?????????? 2Na2O2+2CO2＝2Na2CO3+O2?????? ? Na2O2+H2SO4(冷、稀)＝Na2SO4+H2O2 2Na2O2+2H2O＝4NaOH+O2↑(此反应分两步Na2O2+2H2O＝2NaOH+H2O2；2H2O2＝2H2O+O2↑。H2O2的制备可利用类似的反应)NaHNaH+H2O＝NaOH+H2↑NaOH2NaOH+Si+H2O＝Na2SiO3+2H2↑????????? ??????????? 2NaOH+2Al+2H2O＝2NaAlO2+3H2↑2NaOH(过量)+CO2＝Na2CO3+H2O?????? ???? ?NaOH+CO2(过量)＝NaHCO3?????????? 2NaOH+SiO2＝Na2SiO3+H2O(常温下强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃)??? 2NaOH+Al2O3＝2NaAlO2+H2O????????? 2NaOH+Cl2＝NaCl+NaClO+H2O??????? ? NaOH+HCl＝NaCl+H2O??????? ?NaOH+H2S(足量)＝NaHS+H2O2NaOH+H2S(少量)＝Na2S+2H2O???? ? 3NaOH+AlCl3＝Al(OH)3↓+3NaCl?????????? ??NaOH+Al(OH)3＝NaAlO2+2H2O????????? 2NaOH+P2O5＝2NaPO3+H2O?????????? ?6NaOH+P2O5＝2Na3PO3+3H2ONaAlO22NaAlO2+CO2+3H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+Na2CO3????? ? 3NaAlO2+AlCl3+6H2O＝4Al(OH)3↓NaCl、NaClO、NaBr、NaI??????????? ? ?????????? NaI+Cl2＝2NaCl+I2NaBr+H3PO4(浓)＝NaH2PO4+HBr????????????? ?NaI+H3PO4(浓)＝NaH2PO4+HINa2CO3、NaHCO3??????? ??????? Na2CO3+HCl＝NaHCO3+NaCl??? NaHCO3+HCl＝NaCl+H2O+CO23Na2CO3+2AlCl3+3H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+6NaCl?????????? ? 3Na2CO3+2FeCl3+3H2O＝2Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑+6NaCl3NaHCO3+AlCl3＝Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑???????????? ? ??? 3NaHCO3+FeCl3＝Fe(OH)3↓+3CO2↑??????????? NaHCO3+HCl＝NaCl+CO2↑+H2O??????? 3Na2CO3+2Br2+H2O＝2NaHCO3+2NaBrO+2NaBr+CO2↑????????????? ?NaHCO3+Br2＝NaBr+HBrO+CO2↑NaNO3、NaNO2?????? ????? KClO3+6HCl=KCl+3Cl2↑+3H2O????? NaNO2+NH4Cl＝NaCl+N2↑+2H2ONa3PO4、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4Na3PO4+HCl＝Na2HPO4+NaCl????? ?Na2HPO4+HCl＝NaH2PO4+NaCl?????? ?NaH2PO4+HCl＝H3PO4+NaClNa2S、NaHSNa2S+Cl2＝2NaCl+S↓???????? ?3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)＝6NaNO3+2NO+3S↓+4H2O??????? 3Na2S+Al2(SO4)3+6H2O＝2Al(OH)3↓+3H2S↑Na2SO4、Na2SO3、Na2S2O33Na2SO3+2HNO3(稀)＝3Na2SO4+2NO↑+H2O?????????? 2Na2SO3+O2＝2Na2SO4????????? ? Na2S2O3+H2SO4＝Na2SO4+S+SO2+H2ONa2SO3+SO2+H2O＝2NaHSO3????????? Na2SiO3Na