福师大英语专业考研写作与翻译真题2004-2011.docVIP

2011年 Translation Put the following passage into Chinese (37.7 points) The investigation of competence is challenging because our knowledge of language is both complex and largely unconscious. Few people capable of understanding this sentence could give a linguistic analysis of it, so the question of how such knowledge can be studied permits of no easy answers. Fortunately, although the knowledge itself is tacit, the fruits of that knowledge are available to both public inspection and private introspection: we can observe the performance of others or offer our own intuitions. The example of a stroke victim makes us aware of the complexity and subtlety of our language faculty, but not all mismatchied between our knowledge and exercising of it are so drastic, and even elementary oberservation can give us insight into what exactly it is we know when we know a language. It is worth emphasizing that reliance on intuitions is not a retreat from the usual canons of scientific rigor:”intuitions” is simply another word for “judgments,” with no mystical or unscientific overtones. There is in fact no difference between our linguistic judgments about sentences of our native language and our visual judgments about illusions, which psychologists try to devise theories of perceptions to account for. Like wise, it is simply a fact that we judge the sentence “they are flying planes” as ambiguous and linguists try to devise theories of language to explain why. Put the following passage into English (37.5 points) 你听不到任何谈及信仰的话，谁会有那种激情呢？神学痛苦地坐在哲学的窗边，巴望着哲学的眷顾，向哲学大献殷勤。据说，理解黑格尔很困难，但理解亚伯拉罕却轻而易举；超越黑格尔是奇迹，但超越亚伯拉罕却是再简单不过的事。不过我绝对不相信信仰会变成如此下等的东西；恰恰相反，信仰是最高级的东西。我同时相信，哲学走得太远了。哲学是不诚实的，它不应该用自己的东西来代替信仰，并且蔑视信仰。哲学不能，也 不应该为人们的信仰提供依据；它应该好好理解自己，明白自己能干些什么，而不是随随便便地把信仰说成虚构的东西，诱导人们把它放弃。哲学既不是忠实的妻子，又不是勤勉的姑娘，倒像是一个恶妇，遇见她时，我唯恐避之不及。信仰是这么美丽，这么令人向往，我满怀激情去追寻它，它却越飘越远，这又使我更加满怀剧情地去追寻它。 Writing: Write an essay of about 300 words on the present housing problem in China (37.5 points) Is language social or biological? Gi