英汉翻译复习指导.docVIP

《翻译》辅导纲要 第一章 翻译概述 主要内容： 1．What Translation Is 2．The Importance of Translation 3. Prerequisites for a Translator 4．Criteria for Translation 5. Literal Translation and Liberal Translation 6. Dictionary Explanation and Translation 7． 翻译中的理解、表达与加工润色 重点掌握： 1．翻译的性质、定义、功能、标准、过程、目的和任务 2．What is translation? Translation is a representation or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language. It is an art，a bilingual art．It is the replacement of textual material in one language (the source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (the target language). Translation is an art. The Art of Translation is written by Theodore Savory。 3．从内容来看，翻译的种类可分为文学翻译、政治翻译、科技翻译和事务性函电翻译。 4．关于翻译的标准，Tytle在其著作Essay on the Principles of Translation有所阐述。我国近代翻译中最有影响的要算严复提出的“信”、“达”、“雅”了。周煦良教授认为，“信”、”达”、“雅”何者为重取决于文章的内容和题材。鲁迅先生曾提“信”与“顺”两个字作为准则，他针对当时赵景深的“宁顺而不信”的提法，提出了“宁信而不顺”的主张。钱钟书先生在《林纾的翻译》一文中提出了一条新的标准，即文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。 普遍认为，中国当代的翻译标准是忠实和通顺（faithfulness and smoothness）。英译汉时，忠实是指内容，通顺是指语言。 5．直译和意译是两种最基本的翻译方法。在我国，翻译事业最早是从翻译佛经开始的。玄奘的译文倾向于直译。茅盾认为，翻译应该“直译”，同时又提倡保留文章的“神韵”。 傅雷先生主张翻译要“重神似而不重形似”。 Saint Jerome 也表示：“I have always aimed at translating sense，not words．”王佐良认为，一部好的译作总是既有直译又有意译的：凡能直译处坚持直译，必须意译处则放手意译。 6．翻译理论就是研究和探索翻译固有的内在规律，以指导翻译实践。 ?A translator should keep objectivity of the original and shun subjectivity. In the Theory and Practice of Translation, Eugene A．Nida and Charles R．Taber emphasize the importance of the translator’s respect for the genius of each 1anguage． 7．翻译的过程大体都要经历理解、表达和加工润色三个阶段。其中正确理解原文是翻译的基础与关键，不能望文生义。试阅读并理解下列段落： Since her unveiling in 1959，Barbie has become the universally recognized Queen of the Dolls．Mattel says the average American girl owns ten Barbie dolls，and two are sold somewhere in the world every second．The Handlers lost control of Barbie when they were forced out of the company in 1975．Now a senior citizen，Barbara-who declines interviews but is said to have loved the doll—may be the most famous anonymous 6gure on the planet． 芭比娃