英美文化-V-The Brief Survey of British Government.pptVIP

the fourth time The Brief Survey of British Government I. The Introduction to British Government in the past II. The Introduction to Contemporary British Government I. The Government of the UK Before 1. The Monarchy 1). It was earliest built from the 5th century to the Norman Conquest in 1066. 2). The power of monarchy was derived from the ancient doctrine of the “divine right of kings” 3). The monarchy continued only with one exception “ the Commonwealth of England” Oliver Cromwell. 4). There were frequent wars or battles between the king and the other powerful groups like the Church and powerful, land-owning feudal barons. 5). Magna Carta (the Latin form of “ the Great Charter”) was signed up by the King John in 1215 to limit on the king’s ability to abuse his royal power. 2. Parliament 1. The “Great Council” was first founded in 1236 to raise money for the king. 2. Later it was enlarged into “the House of Lords” and “the House of Commons”. 3. In 1407, Henry IV decreed that all money grants should be considered and approved by the Commons before being considered by the Lords. 4). The Commons also acquired law-making powers by the 15th century. 5). In 1689. “Bill of Rights” was passed to grant parliament real power. 3. The Birth of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 1). The cabinet was appointed by the sovereign and got the support in the House of Commons. 2). The Prime Minister was the leader of the cabinet and executed power instead of the King or the Queen. 3). The modern political system was born in 1832. II. The Government of the UK Today 1. Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy It is so influential that other countries which are governed according to the principles of British parliamentary democracy are Australia, Canada, New Zealand and India. Governor-General is there to fulfill the role of the monarch. 2. The Constitution Instead of constitutions, the foundations of British have three parts: the statute law (the l