一维线性谐振子及力学量算符平均值-2011版file.docVIP

Lecture 13 Simple Harmonic Oscillators Simple harmonic oscillators describe many physical situations: springs, diatomic molecules and atomic lattices. The ground-state potential energy curve (called a potential well) for the H2 molecule using the harmonic oscillator model. Part 2 Bound states in a Parabolic Potential Well The wavefunctions must obey the three standard conditions 1. finite everywhere 2. single valued3. continuous4. first derivative continuous Use polynomial method to find the wave functions for SHO: The wave functions must be finite everywhere including when. We use a polynomial of infinite order n to dress the large x solution for any finite. We just found are solutions of the Hermite Equation. We can find the from the Hermite Equation by using a polynomial method. Have expression in terms of series that satisfy the diff. eq. which is the Schr?dinger Equation for the SHO. But it is not a good wavefunction. Because the wave function blows up for the very large if the polynomial has the infinite number of terms.  Part 3 Energy eigenstate wavefunctions of SHO and the classical turning points  Classical turning points - wavefunction extends into classically forbidden region It looks increasingly classical. Part 4 Orthogonality of the Eigenfunctions We can use recursion formula of Hermite Equation to calculate any Q.M. properties of the S. H. O. We can prove the equations below by using the recursion formula of Hermite Equation. 例题 用张成一个希尔伯特空间，在这个空间中考察用一个非本征波函数（或称任意态）描写的粒子的能量取值问题。 求势能为波函数为为一维线性谐振子能量本征函数）的粒子的能量取值情况（即能量值大小和相应的几率，能量平均值）。 势能为首先要将波函数归一化，求归一化系数。 处在能量本征态的几率幅 处在能量本征态的几率 +=1 能量本征态的能量 能量 算术平均值 Part 5 Discussion on expectation values of observables 力学量算符 量子力学基本假设Ⅰ 描写物理系统的态函数的总体，构成一个希尔伯特空间。系统的每一个动力学变量，由对这些态函数施加作用的一个厄米算符描写。 基矢态函数：不是一般的态函数，一定是两两正交，自归一的算符本征函数 厄米算符：力学量要用一个算符表示，不能用一个实数，也不能用一个函数表述。 厄米算符定义：如果对于两个任意波函数和，算符满足下列等式： ，则称为厄米算符。 厄米算符性质：厄米算符的本征值是实数。 “施加作用”： 若是的本征函数，则施加作用后得到一个本征值。 若不是的本征函数，则施加作用后得到多个本