高三英语二轮复习课件1-8情态动词与虚拟语气.pptVIP

专题八　情态动词与虚拟语气 一、常用情态动词的用法比较 典例　(2011·湖南十二校第二次联考，31)—Can I pay the bill by check? —Sorry, sir. But in our hotel payment ________ be made in cash. A．need　　　　　　　　　B．can C．will D．shall 解析：D。句意：——我能用支票付账单吗？——很抱歉，先生。在我们旅馆，只能用现金付款。考查情态动词。shall用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称，表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等。如：He says he wont go, but I say he shall.他说他不去，但我说他必须去。 二、情态动词＋have＋过去分词的用法 “情态动词＋have＋过去分词”结构被普遍认为是一个难点，因为它们表示的意义各不相同，可谓错综复杂。有些表示推测(表推测时，有的常用于肯定句，有的常用于否定句、疑问句)；有些表示责备等。 要弄清楚它们之间的区别，必须理解每一种结构表示的意义： 1．“must＋have＋过去分词”表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行推测。只用于肯定句，意思是“一定已经”。 The teacher must have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose. 2．“may/might＋have＋过去分词”表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行不太肯定的推测。“might＋have＋过去分词”还可用于虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反。 —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. —You might have put it in the wrong place.(推测) If he had worked harder he might have succeeded.(虚拟语气) 3．“can/could＋have＋过去分词”表示对过去事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”，常用于否定句和疑问句；“could＋have＋过去分词”还可用于虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。 My MP5 player isnt in my bag. Where can I have put it？(推测) If he had come yesterday, I could have told him about it.(虚拟语气) 4．“neednt＋have＋过去分词”表示过去没有必要做某事却做了，含有“本来不必”之意。 There was plenty of time. You neednt have hurried. 时间很多，你本来不必那么慌慌张张的。(实际上是慌慌张张来的) 5．“should/ought to＋have＋过去分词”表示过去本应做某事但没做，含有责备之意。 I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I should have driven her there. 6．“would＋have＋过去分词”用于虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反。 If I had not told him about the thing, he would never have known it.(虚拟语气) ◆点拨 考生解题时要把握好两点： ①是推测还是虚拟； ②是肯定句、疑问句，还是否定句。 ◆拓展 对现在事情的推测，表示“一定……，肯定……”时用must＋动词原形。 —Hi, Jane. Any idea where Tom is? —He must be in the workshop. I saw him there just now. ◆链接 “should/ought to＋have＋过去分词”的否定式表示过去本来不该做某事但做了。 —My cat is really fat. —You shouldnt have given it so much food. ◆拓展 “had better have done”表示对过去最好做了某事而没有做的一种遗憾，其否定式为“had better not have done”。 You had better not have scolded her. would like/love to have done表示过去想做某事但未做 I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extr