毕业论文--我国铁矿石进口贸易定价权缺失问题研究.docVIP

我国铁矿石进口贸易定价权缺失问题研究 简装本 学 号 姓 名 专业班级 06级国际经济与贸易3班 指导教  摘 要 钢铁工业是国民经济的支柱产业，对中国社会主义现代化建设具有重要的战略意义。铁矿石作为钢铁产业主要原材料，其价格将直接关系到钢铁工业和国民经济各部门。伴随着我国钢铁工业的快速增长，2003年开始我国成为世界铁矿石第一进口大国，2005年铁矿石进口量高达2.75亿吨，占当年世界铁矿石海运贸易量的43%，目前，我国钢铁工业所用的铁矿石已有50%以上来自进口。全球新增铁矿石量的90%以上用于我国的消费。由于中国企业缺少铁矿石国际市场的定价权，最近几年，国际铁矿石价格不断攀升，国内铁矿石市场、钢铁及下游产业遭受了直接的冲击，产生了重大的经济损失，我国成为铁矿石价格暴涨的最大受害者。由此铁矿石定价权问题引起社会各界的普遍关注。2009年我国进口铁矿石6.28亿吨，其中从澳大利亚进口铁矿石2.62亿吨，从巴西进口铁矿石1.42亿吨，两家合计4.04亿吨，占到我国进口铁矿石比例的64%，我国钢铁产业对澳大利亚铁矿石的需求弹性很小，铁矿石涨价对我国造成的损失较大。 本文研究立足于铁矿石生产和贸易现状，在大量资料和数据的基础上，结合我国铁矿石进口的实践，对国际铁矿石市场进行了总体分析，通过一些数据和图表，分别介绍了国际与中国的铁矿石生产及贸易状况，并透过我国争夺铁矿石定价权的历程，阐述了我国缺乏铁矿石国际定价权的困境。 在借鉴国外经验的基础上，提出加强我国铁矿石进口定价话语权，可以从发展境外开矿，建立铁矿石战略储备，加强国内企业联合，推进铁矿石期货早日上市，发展废钢产业几个角度入手。 关键词： The Research on China’s Loss of Pricing Power in Importing Iron Ore Abstract Iron and steel industry is a pillar industry in the national economy. Iron ore was the main raw material of steel and iron production, price of iron ore was directly related to the development of steel industry and all sectors of national economy. With the rapid development of steel industry of our country, China became the biggest import country of such product from 2003, import of iron ore increased by a big margin and amounted to 275 million tons in 2005, accounting for 43% of total world sea trade of iron ore. At present, Chinas steel industry has already spent more than 50% of its iron ore imports. More than 90% of the new global iron ore consumption is for China. In recently years, due to the lack of iron ore price-setting power, China only passively accepts a fait accompli, causes a major economic loss, and becomes the biggest victims. Therefore the topic of Chinas price-setting power on iron ore has aroused great concern among people from all circles. In 2009, China imported 628 million tons of iron ore, of which 262 million tons of iron ore imports from Australia, 142 million tons of iron ore imports from Brazil,。the two combined 404 million tons, account