ch-03计算机CP网络-信号.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Example 12 Imagine a signal travels through a transmission medium and its power is reduced to half. This means that P2 = 1/2 P1. In this case, the attenuation (loss of power) can be calculated as Solution 10 log10 (P2/P1) = 10 log10 (0.5P1/P1) = 10 log10 (0.5)  = 10(–0.3) = –3 dB Example 13 Imagine a signal travels through an amplifier and its power is increased ten times. This means that P2 = 10*P1. In this case, the amplification (gain of power) can be calculated as 10 log10 (P2/P1) = 10 log10 (10P1/P1) = 10 log10 (10) = 10 (1) = 10 dB Figure 3.22 Example 14 dB = –3 + 7 – 3 = +1 Figure 3.23 Distortion Figure 3.24 Noise * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Figure 3.9 Three harmonics Figure 3.10 Adding first three harmonics Figure 3.11 Frequency spectrum comparison Figure 3.12 Signal corruption The bandwidth is a property of a medium: It is the difference between the highest and the lowest frequencies that the medium can satisfactorily pass. Note: The term of bandwidth is used to refer to the property of a medium or the width of a single spectrum. Note: Figure 3.13 Bandwidth Example 3 If a periodic signal is decomposed into five sine waves with frequencies of 100, 300, 500, 700, and 900 Hz, what is the bandwidth? Draw the spectrum, assuming all components have a maximum amplitude of 10 V. Solution B = fh -?fl = 900 - 100 = 800 Hz The spectrum has only five spikes, at 100, 300, 500, 700, and 900 (see Figure 13.4 ) Figure 3.14 Example 3 Example 4 A signal has a bandwidth of 20 Hz. The highest frequency is 60 Hz. What is the lowest frequency? Draw the spectrum if the signal contains all integral frequencies of the same amplitude. Solution B = fh - fl 20 = 60 - fl fl = 60 - 20 = 40 Hz Figure 3.15 Example 4 Example 5 A signal has a spectrum with frequencies between 1000 and 2000 Hz (bandwidth of 1000 Hz). A medium can pass frequenci