数据挖掘课件Chapter9 cluster.pptVIP

Chapter 9Cluster Analysis Teacher: Yang Lihua outline What Is Cluster Analysis? Types of Data in Cluster Analysis A Categorization of Major Clustering Methods Typical Clustering Methods Outlier Analysis What is Cluster Analysis? Clustering is the process of grouping the data into classes or clusters so that objects Similar to one another within the same cluster Dissimilar to the objects in other clusters Examples of Clustering Applications Text clustering：web search engines Marketing: Help marketers discover distinct groups in their customer bases Insurance: Identifying groups of motor insurance policy holders with a high average claim cost Land use: Identification of areas of similar land use in an earth observation database City-planning: Identifying groups of houses according to their house type, value, and geographical location outline What Is Cluster Analysis? Types of Data in Cluster Analysis A Categorization of Major Clustering Methods Typical Clustering Methods Outlier Analysis Data Structures Data matrix Data Structures Dissimilarity matrix Type of data in clustering analysis Interval-scaled variables Binary discrete variables Multi-valued discrete attributes Interval-scaled variables interval-scaled variables are continuous measurements. such as distance、age、 income 、weight Standardization: different unit different clustering structure Similarity and Dissimilarity Between Objects Distances are normally used to measure the similarity or dissimilarity between two data objects Some popular ones include: Minkowski distance Manhattan distance Euclidean distance Minkowski distance: where i = (xi1, xi2, …, xip) and j = (xj1, xj2, …, xjp) are two p-dimensional data objects, and q is a positive integer If q = 1, d is Manhattan distance: If q = 2, d is Euclidean distance: Binary discrete variables A binary variable has only two states: 0 or 1. Symmetric（对称的）:gender Asymmetric: disease test Dissimilarity between Binary variables