HCI课件：Lecture 03 - user-centered design.pptVIP

UI Hall of Fame or Shame? Today’s Topics ? Iterative Design Traditional Software Engineering Process:Waterfall Model Feedback in the Waterfall Model Waterfall model Is Bad for UI Design ? User interface design is risky –So we’re likely to get it wrong ? Users are not involved in validation until acceptance testing –So we won’t find out until the end –So we have to throw away carefully-written and tested code Usability Engineering Is a Process Design Implement Evaluate Iterative Design the Wrong Way ? Every iteration corresponds to a release –Evaluation (complaints) feeds back into next version’s design ? Using your paying customers to evaluate your usability – They won’t like it – They won’t buy version 2 Spiral Model Iterative Design of User Interfaces ? Early iterations use cheap prototypes – Parallel design is feasible: build test multiple prototypes to explore design alternatives ? Later iterations use richer implementations, after UI risk has been mitigated ? More iterations generally means better UI ? Only mature iterations are seen by the world User-Centered Design ? Iterative design ? Early focus on users and tasks – user analysis: who the users are – task analysis: what they need to do – involving users as evaluators, consultants, and sometimes designers ? Constant evaluation –Users are involved in every iteration –Every prototype is evaluated somehow User Task Analysis First step of user-centered design： ? User analysis: who is the user? ? Task analysis: what does the user need to do? Know The User ? Identify characteristics of target user population – Age, gender, ethnicity – Education – Physical abilities – General computer experience – Skills (typing? reading?) – Domain experience – Application experience – Work environment and other social context – Relationships and communication patterns Multiple Classes of Users Many applications have several kinds of Users Do a user analysis for every class How To Do User Analysis ? Tech