休谟问题 赵昕鑫.pptVIP

DAVID HUME大衛·休謨About David Hume and Hume’s Problem College of Humanities Zhao Xinxin David Hume Birth: April 26, 1711 (Edinburgh, Scotland)生于苏格兰爱丁堡 Death: August 25, 1776 (Edinburgh, Scotland) School/tradition: Naturalism, Scepticism, Empiricism, Scottish Enlightenment Main interests: Epistemology,Metaphysics, Philosophy of Mind, Ethics, Political Philosophy, Aesthetics, Philosophy of Religion 认识论、形而上学、心灵哲学、伦理学、美学、宗教哲学 Notable ideas: Problem of causation, Induction, Is-ought problem 因果论、归纳法、实然应然问题 Statue Tomb of David Hume David Hume David Hume (April 26, 1711 – August 25, 1776)was a Scottish philosopher, economist, and historian. 休谟，是苏格兰的哲学家、经济学家和历史学家 He is considered one of the most important figures in the history of Western philosophy and the Scottish Enlightenment. 他被视为是西方哲学史和苏格兰启蒙运动的最重要的人 Hume was the first great philosopher of the modern era to carve out a thoroughly naturalistic philosophy. 休谟是第一个发展完整自然主义的现代的伟大的哲学家 The Treatise explores several philosophical topics such as space, time, causality, external objects, the passions, free will, and morality, offering original and often skeptical appraisals of these notions. 《人性论》一书探讨几个哲学问题，如时间、空间、因果、外在物体、激情、自由意志、和德性，对这些理念提出原创性的和怀疑的议案。 Overview 概說 In 1741 and 1742 Hume published his two-volume Essays, Moral and Political. The essays were written in a popular style and met with better success than the Treatise. 在1741年和42年，休谟出版两册的《道德和政治的论文》。论文以流行风格撰写，得到比《人性论》更大的成功。 In 1751 Hume published his Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals, which recasts in a very different form parts of Book III of his Treatise. 1751年休謨出版《道德原理探究》，是《人性論》第三卷的改版。 Overview 概說 The same year Hume also published his Political Discourses, which drew immediate praise and influenced economic thinkers such as Adam Smith, Godwin, and Thomas Malthus. 同年，休謨出版了他的《政治思想》，立即得到经济学家如亚当·斯密、哥德溫和马尔萨斯的赞美，并影响到他们。 Overview 概說 His History became a best-seller, finally giving him the financial independence he had long sought. (Both the Brit