顺应论 dynamics.ppt

The temporal dimension One indisputable linguistic universal is the bare fact that language use takes place over time. * Chapter 5 Dynamics --the actual processes of adaptation 5.1.1 ‘Locating’ the dynamics of communication 1.The temporal dimension 2.Dynamics and context 3.Dynamics and structure Contextual correlates of adaptability space time 5.1.1The temporal dimension 1.Space is a powerful contextual correlate of adaptability and is for lexical and grammatical meaning. 2.Time imposes more universal constraints on verbal interaction and is for linguistic action. Temporal dimension provides the raw material for communicative dynamics. The constraints imposed by temporal dimension are apparent when we consider the processing by “mind in society” On the micro-level the interlocutor’ s memory imposes considerable time-related processing constraints.(交际者处理信息要受记忆力的限制) Communicative processing itself involves the time-related “planning”.（时间也影响交际内容的安排） 单击此处添/改文本 At the micro-level, now considering co-adaptation processes between contextual correlates of adaptability and linguistic choices, it is possible to distinguish stages of adaptation in linguistic interaction.(3types) 1.Linguistic choices may be made after certain circumstances ‘in the world ’ have appeared. Eg. I am sorry, I didn’t come to your party last night. 2.Linguistic choices may create certain circumstances Eg. -I am out of petrol. -There’s a garage round the corner. Here a piece of information is created: the garage around the corner has petrol for sale and is then probably open. 3.Choices may remain ineffective until or become ineffective when certain later conditions come into play. Eg. I hereby bequeath all my possessions to my wife. On the macro-level Earlier stages of development of language and linguistic conventions are no longer readily accessible to the language user; conversely, communicative success cannot be taken for granted, not even with the channel of writing, and not even at