广东清远石灰岩山地不同生境土壤AM孢子及其菌根-林业与环境科学.DOCVIP

广东清远石灰岩3个植物群落菌根及土壤AMF孢子多样性 莫惠芝( 庄雪影* （华南农业大学林学院 广东广州 510642） 摘要 以广东省清远市清新县石灰岩山区风水林、次生草坡和旱作耕地的退化植被群落为主要研究对象，比较研究了3个植物群落常见植物的菌根感染率和根际土AMF孢子的密度和丰富度。结果如下：在所检测的29种常见植物中，除凹头苋（Amaranthus blitum）外，其余植物均具有典型的AM菌根结构；次生草坡植物的菌根感染强度和频度均较高，风水林次之，旱作耕地杂草的菌根感染强度和频度相对较低；在3个植物群落土样中共分离出70种AMF孢子类型，以球囊霉属（Glomus）最为丰富，无梗囊霉属（Acaulospora）次之；林相保护较完整、植物较丰富的风水林拥有最丰富的AMF孢子类型和最高的AM孢子密度，而结构退化、物种贫乏的次生草坡和旱作耕地中的AMF孢子类型少，密度也明显较低。本研究表明植物群落的物种多样性与其根区土AMF孢子丰富度和多样性具有密切的联系。 关键词 AM菌根菌 广东 石灰岩山区 菌根植物 植物群落 Study on AMF and some mycorrhizal plants of the plant communities in the limestone area in Qingyuan, Guangdong Mo Huizhi Zhuang Xueying* (College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642) Abstract The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) richness of the three plant communities (Feng-shui wood, shrubland, cropland) were studied in limestone area of Qingyuan City, Guangdong Province. The result showed that except for Amaranthus blitum, the rest 28 examined plants had arbuscular mycorrhizal structure in their root samples. The plants in the shrubland had higher mycorrhizal frequency and colonization rates, next to Feng-shui wood, and the lowest were those in the cropland. A total of 70 morph-types of AMF spores were isolated and identified. Glomus and Acaulospora are the dominant genera. Feng-shui wood had the most abundance and highest density of the AMF spore morph-types, where there were 51 morph-types and the mean density was 12 255 spores per 100 g dry soil. Grassland and cropland had much lower the richness of the AMF spore morph-types and spore density. It is implied that AMF may play an important role in maintenance and development of the floristic diversity in the limestone plant communities. Key words AMF, Guangdong, limestone area, mycorrhizal plant, plant community 广东省石灰岩（也称喀斯特）山区面积共6 208 km2，占全省土地总面积的3.5%[1]。但石灰岩地区自然环境条件差，其土壤层浅薄，水土流失严重，水资源短缺，从而导致森林覆盖率低，自然灾害频繁。这些因素严重阻碍了当地经济的发展，导致人民生活水平低下，使该地区成为广东省的贫困地区。目前，石灰岩山区生态环境的恢复和重建受到高度的重视，政府部门也投入大量的资金在石灰岩山区进行造林建设。然