讲义--定语从句拓展.docVIP

1. 关系代词和关系副词的选用如果先行词是表示时间或地点的名词，不能就一律断定要用关系副词when或where，务必要看引导词在从句中作什么成分，如果作状语，用关系副词，如做主语或宾语要用关系代词。当reason做先行词时，也需注意其引导词在从句中作什么成分，不能断定一概用why来引导。如：I’ll never forget the time when we worked together. 我将永远不会忘记我们一起工作的时光。 （work是不及物动词，when在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词。）I’ll never forget the time (which/that) we spent together. 我将永远不会忘记我们一起渡过的时光。spend是及物动词，which/that在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词，也可以省略。）This is the factory where he worked before. 这是他以前工作过的工厂。（work是不及物动词，where在定语从句中作状语。）This is the factory which/that he visited before. 这是他以前参观过的工厂。（visit是及物动词，which/that在从句中作宾语，亦可省略。）The reason why I was absent yesterday was that I was ill. 我昨天缺席的原因是我生病了。定语从句中缺状语，表示原因，故用关系副词why）The reason that he explained for his being late was that he had missed the early bus.他所解释的迟到的原因是他误了头班汽车。（explain是及物动词，that在从句中作其宾语） 再看一个例题：（1）This is the factory ________ I visited last year.（2）This is the factory _______ I worked last year.（3）This is the factory _______ produces all kinds of TV sets.A. where B. which C. whom D. whose以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：（1）和（3）选B. which。（2）选A. where。做这种题时，要看先行词与定语从句中谓语动词之间的关系；（1）中是动宾关系，即I visited the factory，因此选which。（2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：I worked in the factory，因此选where。（3）中是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因此选which。 特： 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词， 指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc.1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2. Toms father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4. He was proud, which his brother never was. that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) ★只能用“that”的情况★ ●that which:在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people .2.Theres nothing that can be said about it .3.Do you mean the one that was bought