微观经济学英文课件Ch_09.pptVIP

Application: International Trade应用：国际贸易 Chapter 9 International Trade What determines whether a country imports or exports a good? 一个国家是进口还是出口某个产品由什么决定？ Who gains and who loses from free trade among countries? 各国之间的自由贸易，谁得利？谁受损？ What are the arguments that people used to advocate trade restrictions? 人们通常用来为贸易壁垒辩护的理由是什么？ Equilibrium without Trade没有贸易时的均衡 Assume:（假设：） A country is isolated from rest of the world and process steel. 一个国家与世隔绝，生产着钢铁 The market for steel consists of the buyers and sellers in the country. 钢铁市场由这个国家的钢铁买者和卖者组成。 No one in the country is allowed to import or export steel. 这个国家不允许进口或出口钢铁。 Equilibrium without Trade Equilibrium without Trade Results（结果）： Domestic price adjusts to balance demand and supply. 国内价格会调整供给和需求达到均衡。 The sum of consumer and producer surplus measures the total benefits that buyers and sellers receive. 消费者剩余和生产者剩余总额度量了买者和卖者的总福利。 World Price and Comparative Advantage世界价格和比较优势 If the country decides to engage in international trade, will it be an importer or exporter of steel? 如果这个国家决定加入国际贸易，它会成为钢铁出口国还是进口国？ The effects of free trade can be shown by comparing the domestic price of a good without trade and the world price of the good. The world price refers to the prevailing price in the world markets. 自由贸易的结果可以通过比较没有贸易时的商品国内价格和世界价格来得出。世界价格指的是国际市场盛行的价格。 A country will either be an exporter or an importer of the good. 一个国家要不成为这个商品的出口国，要不成为进口国。 World Price and Comparative Advantage世界价格和比较优势 If a country has a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be below the world price, and the country will be an exporter of the good. 如果一个国家拥有比较优势，国内价格会低于世界价格，这个国家将成为这个商品的出口国。 If the country does not have a comparative advantage, then the domestic price will be higher than the world price, and the country will be an importer of the good. 如果一个国家生产这个商品时没有比较优势，国内价格会比世界价格更高，它将成为该商品进口国。 International Trade in an Exporting Country... How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Exporting Country... How Free Trade Affects Welfare in an Expor