电容器 29-.pptVIP

Example 23.4. A Thunderstorm 雷雨 Typical electric fields in thunderstorms average around 105 V/m. 雷雨中的電場一般平均有 105 V/m。 Consider a cylindrical thundercloud with height 10 km and diameter 20 km, 茲有一圓筒型雷雨雲塊，其高為 10 km，其半徑為 20 km ， and assume a uniform electric field of 1?105 V/m. 假定其均勻電場為 1?105 V/m。 Find the electric energy contained in this storm. 求此風暴所藏電能。 ~ 1400 gallons of gasoline. 加侖汽油 Example 23.5. A Shrinking Sphere 一個縮小的球 A sphere of radius R1 carries charge Q distributed uniformly over its surface. 一半徑為 R1 的球帶有一均勻分佈於其表面的電荷 Q。 How much work does it take to compress the sphere to a smaller radius R2 ? 把球壓至較小半徑 R2 時所需作的功為何？ Work need be done to shrink sphere 把球縮小要作功 表面積為 4?r2 … … 厚度為 dr Extra energy stored here 新增的能量存於止 You’re at point P a distance a from a point charge +q. 你在 P 點與一點電荷 +q 相距 a 。 You then place a point charge ?q a distance a on the opposite side of P as shown. 之後你把一點電荷 ?q 放在 P 的另一邊，離它 a 處。 What happens to 以下各項會有怎麼變化？ the electric field strength and 在 P 點的電場強度和 the electric energy density at P ? 電能密度？ Does the total electric energy U = ∫ uE dV of the entire field increase, decrease, or remain the same? 整個電場的總電能 U = ∫ uE dV 會增加，減少，還是不變？ GOT IT? 23.3. doubles加倍 quadruples 四倍 decrease 減少 Negative work done to bring in –q. 把 –q 加進來要作的功是負的。 23. Electrostatic Energy Capacitors 靜電能和電容器 Electrostatic Energy 靜電能 Capacitors 電容器 Using Capacitors 使用電容器 Energy in the Electric Field 電場中的能 The lifesaving jolt of a defibrillator requires a large amount of energy delivered in a short time. 除纖顫器救命的電擊需要在短時間內送出大批能量。 Where does that energy come from? 這些能量從何而來？ Capacitor 電容器 23.1. Electrostatic Energy 靜電能 Electrostatic Energy = work done to assemble the charge configuration of a system. 靜電能 = 裝組系統的電荷配置所需做的功。 Reference 參考 ( 0 energy 能): when all component charges are widely separated. 當所有的組分電荷都相隔甚遠時。 Bringing q1 in place takes no work. 把 q1 歸位不需做功 Bringing in q2 takes 把 q2 歸位需功 Bringing in q3 takes 把 q3 歸位需功 Total electrostatic en