(麻省理工)地球大气化学动力学.pdfVIP

5.60 Spring 2005 Lecture Summary #33 page 1 Chemical Kinetics in the Earth’s Atmosphere A particularly important application of the principles and methods of chemical kinetics is to the atmosphere of the Earth, which is a chemically reacting system driven by radiation from the Sun. 1) Ozone Production One set of reactions that is of special importance (and is now fairly well understood) is the mechanism that produces (and destroys) ozone between 15 and 40 km altitude in the stratosphere (see the figure below). Reactions controlling [O ] 3 242 n m j 1 O + h ( ) O + O 2 Rate = jj = I d 1 1 Con stant spectrum where 5.60 Spring 2005 Lecture Summary #33 page 2 � (�) quantum efficiency of dissociation 2 � (�) radiation intensity [photons/cm secnm] (�) cross-section for absorption [(cm2/molecule)] After the dissociation reaction above, then three body collisions lead to O3. via the Chapman Reactions (1930): k 2 O + O + M �����O + M 2 3 j 3 O3 + h� (� 320nm )����O2 + O k