Chapter-1-ten-principle教学课件.pptxVIP

Principles of EconomicsSixth EditionbyN. Gregory Mankiw经济学原理（第⑥版）1CHAPTERTen Principles of Economics经济学十大原理EconomicsP R I N C I P L E S O FN. Gregory MankiwEconomy. . . . . . The word economy comes from a Greek word for “one who manages a household.” 经济一词来源于希腊语，意思是“管理家庭的人”。TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICSA household and an economy face many decisions:Who will work? 谁去工作？What goods and how many of them should be produced? 应该生产什么物品？应该生产多少？What resources should be used in production? 应该用什么资源生产？At what price should the goods be sold? 物品的销售价格应该是多少？TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS0Scarcity（稀缺性）:Economics:the limited nature of society’s resources社会拥有的资源有限　the study of how society manages its scarce resources经济学研究社会如何管理自己的稀缺资源　TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICSWhat Economics Is All About0how people decide what to buy, how much to work, save, and spend居民决策：消费（数量、品种）、工作、储蓄how firms decide how much to produce, how many workers to hire企业决策：生产（数量）、雇佣工人数量how society decides how to divide its resources between national defense, consumer goods, protecting the environment, and other needs国家决策：国防、消费品、环保等TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICSWhat Economics Is All AboutTen Principles of Economics① How People Make DecisionsPeople face tradeoffs.The cost of something is what you give up to get it.Rational people think at the margin.People respond to incentives.TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICSTen Principles of Economics② How People Interact with each otherTrade can make everyone better off.Markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity.Governments can sometimes improve economic outcomes.TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICSTen Principles of Economics③ The forces and trends that affect how the economy as a whole worksThe standard of living depends on a country’s production.Prices rise when the government prints too much money.Society faces a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS0The principles of HOW PEOPLE MAKE DECISIONS（人们如何做决策的原理）HOW PEOPLE MAKE DECISIONS0Principle