Extending the Gain Bandwidth of Combined Raman-Parametric Fiber Amplifiers Using Highly Nonlinear Fiber.Image.Marked资料.pdf

JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 27, NO. 5, MARCH 1, 2009 583 Extending the Gain Bandwidth of Combined Raman-Parametric Fiber Amplifiers Using Highly Nonlinear Fiber M. A. Ummy, M. F. Arend, L. Leng, N. Madamopoulos, and Roger Dorsinville Abstract—We demonstrate extended flat gain bandwidth by The increase in demand for larger bandwidth, lower noise combining Raman and parametric processes. The increase in figure and lower gain-ripple makes both FRAs and OPAs more bandwidth is accomplished by extending the Raman gain region to attractive than traditional EDFAs [8]. EDFAs are only limited the longer wavelength side of the Raman gain by using parametric to 40 nm bandwidth around 1545 nm for a single amplifier, gain. Two different configurations of the amplifier are investigated. The associated gain and bit error performance is characterized. A and to 80 nm bandwidth around 1565 nm for a multiple stage gain of about 15 dB, with gain flatness of 5 dB is measured. amplifier. Several studies indicate that, compared to the con- ventional EDFAs, Raman-assisted EDFAs with a hybrid con- Index Terms—Gain flattening filter, highly nonlinear fiber, op- tical fiber parametric amplifiers, Raman amplifier. figuration yield lower noise figure (NF) and optical signal-to- noise ratio in long-haul transmission. For example, Seo et al. [9] demonstrated that a flat gain characteristic over the entire